Macro Environmental Analysis Of Italy

Full scale Environmental Analysis Of Italy Political perspectives The Italian legislative issues and government are a combination of majority rules system and republic, with people groups agents in the parliament managing the nation. Italys Chief of state is President Giorgio Napolitano. Chief Minister Silvio Berlusconi is the leader of the state in Italy. He administrates a multi-party framework for fruitful running of the political exercises. Italy was an establishing individual from the European Union (EU). Today Italy is an individual from numerous noteworthy universal organsations like MIF, UN, G8, NATO, OECD, GATT/WTO or the OSCE. Italy has been an individual from WTO since 1995 and it is likewise critical to state that all EU part states are WTO individuals. So Italys exchange strategy is nearly equivalent to that of different individuals from the European Union. This reality clarifies that WTO exchanging accomplices have less issues exchanging in view of the expulsion of all hindrances to worldwide exchange products and ventures. Demographical viewpoints Italy has formed into a modern nation, which is separated in two sections. The initial segment is the modern grown north, which is commanded by privately owned businesses. The subsequent part is the farming south. The joblessness in the south is quite high and it is unmistakably to see that this piece of Italy is less evolved. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is one of the most significant affordable pointers. For Italy the GDP is $1.823 trillion out of 2008. Be that as it may, one needs to remember that this number doesn't allude to the populace. On the off chance that one needs to take in this angles one should take a gander at the GDP (PPP). For Italy this is $31,300 this implies how much the normal individual living in Italy hast to spend. As a speculator this number would turn out to be convenient on the grounds that one can perceive how much cash a nation needs to expend in extravagance products. Rather than having the option to bear the cost of ones fundamental needs. The genu ine GDP development rate in Italy accomplished a measure of - 1% in 2008. The principle businesses in Italy are the travel industry, hardware, iron and steel, synthetic concoctions, food preparing, materials, engine vehicles, dress, footwear, earthenware production. The principle assets of Italy are mined items like coal, zinc, gaseous petrol and an unrefined petroleum holds. Large scale ecological examination of India Political angles India is a vote based system. The individuals of India choose their legislatures at all levels (Union, State and nearby) by an arrangement of widespread grown-up establishment; prominently known as ‘One man one vote . The focal government practices its expansive managerial powers for the sake of the President, whose obligations are to a great extent stylized. The constitution assigns the administration of India under two branches specifically the official branch and Real national official force is focused in the Council of Ministers, drove by the Prime Minister of India. India languished political flimsiness over a couple of years because of the disappointment of any gathering to win an outright greater part in Parliament. In any case, political soundness didn't change Indias financial course however it postponed certain choices identifying with the economy. Participation of global associations: ADB, AfDB (nonregional part), ARF, ASEAN (discourse accomplice), BIMSTEC, BIS, C, CERN (onlooker), CP, EAS, FAO, G-15, G-20, G-24, G-77, IFAD, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, LAS (spectator), NAM, OAS (eyewitness), PIF (accomplice), SCO (onlooker), UN, UNESCO, UNWTO, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO Global Relations: Global relations delivers among India and a great deal of the nations in our reality have been moderately acceptable. Exchange Policy: India is an individual from the World Trade Organization and its forerunner the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). While taking part in its committee gatherings, India has been critical in voicing the worries of the creating scene. For example, India has proceeded with its restriction to the consideration of such issues as work and condition issues and other non-tax obstructions into the WTO arrangements. In spite of lessening import limitations a few times in the 2000,India was assessed by the World Trade Organization in 2008 as more prohibitive than comparable creating economies, for example, Brazil, China, and Russia. The WTO additionally recognized power deficiencies and deficient transportation framework as noteworthy requirements on exchange. Its limitation has been refered to as a factor which has disengaged it from the worldwide money related emergency of 2008-2009 more than different nations, despite the fact that it has decreased continuous monetary development. Demographical perspectives India has an all out populace of 1,17 billion individuals in 2009 and development pace of 1.5 % in 2009 with a normal age of 25 years. India has a great deal of youngsters and with a Birth pace of 21.76 births/1,000 it has the most noteworthy birth pace of the three nations. Minimal over a fourth of the populace in India lives in citys with 29% this is generally low. Anyway the level of urbanization in india is 2,4% wich is likewise the most elevated urbanization pace of our three nations. The work power in india is the second biggest on the planet with 523.5 million individuals in 2008 it is likewise the greatest of our three nations. There is a great deal of distinction in training levels in india. There is a solid line between truly elevated training and individuals that are not or inadequately taught. Examination among Italy and India Political perspectives India is a popular government, Italy is a combination of majority rule government and republic. This implies the two nations are free and individuals who live there settle on the choices. The individuals of India choose their legislature by a vote, which have the capacity of a President. Italys pioneer is President Giorgio Napolitano and Premier Minister Silvio Berlusconi. India is one of the major delivering nations of coal. It additionally has huge stores of iron, manganese, mica, bauxite, titanium, bromine, gaseous petrol, precious stones, oil and limestone. The normal assets for Italy are principally mined items like coal, zinc, petroleum gas and an unrefined petroleum holds. India isn't an individual from the EU like Italy, which was an establishing individual from the EU, by the by worldwide connections among India and a great deal of different nations have been generally acceptable. Demographical angles India has a populace of 1.166.079.217 habitants. In correlation Italys populace is 58.000.000. Aside from the significant contrast in populace, the demographical angles for India and Italy are inconsistent. India has a populace development pace of 1.548% though Italy has a development pace of - 0.047%. The populace in India is very youthful in correlation with the number of inhabitants in Italy. In year 2005 Indias urbanization had a yearly pace of 2.4%, Italy just 0.4%. These realities give us that there are a ton of contrasts between the two nations. Affordable viewpoints As an affordable pointer, frequently it is reffered to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). For India the GPD is $3.297 trillion with a yearly development of 6.7%. In Italy this sum is $1.823 trillion with an unmistakable littler development pace of - 5.1% every year. The two nations share for all intents and purpose that a large portion of the GDP is made in the administration division. In Italy the administration segment makes up 71% of the complete GDP while in India it is 53.4%. Italys significant fares are accuracy apparatus, engine vehicles (utilitaries, extravagance vehicles, bikes, bikes), synthetics and electric merchandise, however the countrys progressively renowned fares are in the fields of food and garments. Indias significant fare items included building merchandise, oil based commodities, synthetic substances and pharmaceuticals, diamonds and adornments, materials and pieces of clothing, horticultural items, iron metal and different minerals. Italy and India in contrast with The Netherlands Political perspectives In the Netherlands the type of government isn't like the ones from India or Italy. It is a parliamentary delegate majority rule established government state. The organization naturally comprises of the Queen and the Cabinet Ministers. By the mid eighties the Dutch government assistance state had become the most broad standardized savings framework On the planet however the government assistance state came into emergency when spending increased because of sensational high joblessness rates and poor monetary development. The middle right and focus left alliances needed the Dutch government assistance state to make new openings and to manage the spending shortage. With the goal that they diminished social advantages, brought down the charges and deregulated the organizations. With these arrangements the economy was recuperated and the spending shortfall and joblessness were decreased impressively. The Netherlands hosts a sum of 11 Gatherings and the major ideological groups are CDA (Christian Democratic Appeal), PvdA (Labor Party), SP (Socialist Party), and VVD (Peoples Party for Freedom and Democracy). The Dutch Parliament comprises of a Second Chamber and a First Chamber. The two offices of parliament talk about proposed enactment and survey of the activities of the bureau. The CDA has the most seats in the Chambers. Enrollment of universal associations: The Netherlands is a functioning and dependable member in the United Nations framework just as other multilateral associations, for example, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, Organization for Economic Co-activity and Development (OECD), World Trade Organization (WTO), and International Monetary Fund. Exchange Policy: In 2007 the fares of the Netherlands were $457.2 billion. The fundamental fare products are hardware and gear, fills, synthetic compounds and staples. The Netherlands is a solid defender of unhindered commerce and is an individual from worldwide gatherings like WTO and OECD. The portion of outside exchange its GDP is over 125%. The Netherlands top three fare accomplices are Germany, Belgium and France. Demographical perspectives With 16.5 Million occupants The Netherlands have a high populace thickness of right around 400 individuals for every square kilometers. The birth rate surpasses the demise rate with 10.9/1000 individuals against 8.68 passing/1000 populace and a high net migration rate with 2.72 transients/1000 individuals likewise c

Liberation Of The Netherlands Essay

Freedom Of The Netherlands Essay Freedom Of The Netherlands Essay Freedom of the Netherlands ( 1944-1945) Pioneers: German pioneer Johannes blaskowitz : was a German general during World War .Blaskowitz stayed in Holland he was out of nowhere reviewed and requested to assault. Blaskowitz was in this way moved to Holland. Blaskowitz permitted Allied airdrops of food and medication to the Dutch regular citizen population.On May 5, Blaskowitz was called to give up the German powers in the Netherlands Blaskowitz gives up to the Canadians. Johannes Blaskowitz - Jewish Virtual Library Canadian pioneer Charles Foulkes: British-Canadian warrior, and an official of The Royal Canadian Regiment. On 5 May 1945, Foulkes gathered German General Blaskowitz to the acquiescence of German powers in the Netherlands. Juno Beach Center - Lieutenant-General Charles Foulkes Essential sources : Journal about the Netherlands in English. The Dutch Famine of 1944â€45: Mortality and Morbidity in Past and ... Youtube: 1. Freedom of Holland 2. The Liberation of the Netherlands 3. Freedom of the Netherlands Freedom of the Netherlands The freedom of the Netherlands from September 1944 to April 1945 assumed a key job in the consummation of the second universal war. The main Canadian Army had a key job in the freedom of the Dutch individuals, they had endured horrendous craving and hardship under the undeniably frantic German occupiers. The First Canadian Army had a main job in opening the Belgium and the Netherland's Scheldt estuary (tidal rives) , offered path to the port of Antwerp .Which provided the associated armed forces. They proceeded with their push towards Germany to overcome Adolf Halter's powers and free western Europe from four years of Nazi occupation. Include picture here ( guide of Netherlands) Canada's Role In Liberation The Netherlands Canadian powers assumed a significant job in freeing the Netherlands. Canadians who arrived on D-Day took on conflicts all through Europe. The Canadians orders were to push the German soldiers involving the upper east back to the ocean and to drive German soldiers in the west back in to Germany. the development was stopped on April 12, as a result of worry for the prosperity of residents in were the western Netherlands. they were being famished for quite a long time risking having their nation overwhelmed if the Germans were to open the dykes. On April 28 th the Canadians were offered allowed to give supplies which entered the western of Netherlands and finished the Hunger winter. No piece of the western Europe was freed at a harsh time then the Netherlands. The Dutch individuals were very valuation for the Canadians as they feed them each town in turn. The Dutch were glad to such an extent that on numerous housetops they would state Thanks you Canadians. to pay tribute to the Can adians and there incredibly refreshing exertion. The Dutch gave 10,000 tulips bulls to Canada for the National Capital Region every year since the war. perhaps include about the royals. Dutch Famine 1944 The Dutch starvation of the 1944-1945. known as the Hunger winter in Dutch was a starvation that occurred in the German_ involved piece of the Netherlands particularly in the thickly populated western territories. A German barricade cut off food and fuel shipments from ranch regions to rebuff the hesitance of the Dutch to help the Nazi war exertion. Some 4.5 million were influenced and some made due by eating their tulip pals. Around 22,000 passed on in view of the starvation. generally defenseless as per the demise reports were older men, ladies and kids. Freedom of Holland Freedom of Holland, WW II started by American soldiers who entered Maastricht on September 13, 1944; British Troops likewise had a significant influence in freeing southern Holland along their development

How The Minimalists Are Using Social Media

How The Minimalists Are Using Social Media Have you ever quit social media for an extended period of time? How did it change your perspective? After using social media almost every day for the last seven years, we decided to walk away for a month to see what would happen. So, on December 31, 2017, before the ball dropped, we deleted all our past tweets and Instagram photos, we ceased our Facebook and Pinterest activity, and we uploaded a cryptic video alluding to our disappearance. Then we were gone. And now, a month later, were still alive, and were entering February 2018 with a blank slate. During our month away, we learned some important lessons. And we unlearned a few bad habits. Most important, we discovered a need for us to use social media differently going forward. Lessons Learned Purpose. For us, once we’d created a blank slate, the purpose of social media became evident: communication. Not to sound overly simplistic, but we want to use these platforms to effectively communicate our thoughts, ideas, and creations, and engage our audience directly with questions and answersâ€"not broadcast our every thought. Social media can be a noisy place, and we dont want to add to the noiseâ€"we want to whisper to the people who are listening. Mindfulness. Whenever an activity occupies much of our mind, we need to take a step back and assess whether its worth the time we spend on that activity. Our friend Jessica Lynn Williams, who helps us organize our social feeds, discovered an important insight without the pall of social media in her everyday life: Stepping away from social in January gave me the clarity of mind to see the asshole in my mind running amuck (as Dan Harris says), and it has prompted me to adopt a regular meditation practice, which is something I’ve been afraid of for a while. This will be the year I take back my mind. Augmentation. We want to use social media to augment our creationsâ€"blog, podcast, books, filmsâ€"not as the main platform on which we create. While well be active on the different platforms, its worth noting that the best place to follow The Minimalists isnt social media; the best place to follow our creations is by subscribing to our blog or by subscribing to our podcast (or both). Social media will simply append those platforms. Unfollow. Whether it’s celebrities on Instagram, friends on Facebook, or news outlets on Twitter, the folks we follow often negatively affect our moods. We get caught up comparing ourselves with others, we get dragged down by naysayers, and we start twitching for 24-hour breaking news. Whenever this is the case, its best to unfollow those negative influences and instead curate a feed that includes people and brands who inform us, challenge us, and improve us. Letting go of the negative is the only way to make room for the valuable. Value. As The Minimalists, well post to social media only when it will add value for others. Before we publish to any platform, we must be able to affirmatively answer one question: Does this add value? If not, then delete. Unlearned Bad Habits Idiots. If the purpose of social media is to communicate with other humans, then we also must be careful with whom we engage. People find it easy to be keyboard crusaders, interactions with whom are rarely productive, so its important not to engage with the snarky critics, because this isnt for them. Hence, if youre a seagull, youll be blocked without discrimination, and you wont be unblockedâ€"ever. We have a renewed desire to communicate with our audience and a new vigor to avoid arguing with idiots. Pacifiers. By removing the social media apps from our phonesâ€"which often pacified us whenever we had a silent moment in an airport, waiting room, or other interstitial zoneâ€"we learned that new pacifiers always appear. If you get rid of Facebook, you twitch for Twitter. If Instagram is gone, YouTube steps in. Two thousand years ago, the Stoics complained about people getting lost in books instead of going out and experiencing the real world. Today, we complain that nobody reads books anymore because everyone is lost in the tempting glow of their screens. Whether its books or social media we get lost in, we must work hard to use these tools deliberately to help us function in the real worldâ€"not remove ourselves from it. Promoless. There’s too much “branding” going on these days. No, there aren’t any advertisements on our website or podcast or social media feeds, but even we have been guilty of too much self-promotion getting in the way of our own creations. Perhaps Derek Sivers said it best: putting ads in your work is like putting a Coke machine in a monastery. We feel the same about all the shameless self-promotion that’s going on these days, including our own. It’s solipsism run amuck. Were pledging to remove the Coke machine from the monastery immediately so you can better enjoy what were creating and sharing without the promotional eyesores. Yes, well occasionally talk about what were working onâ€"including events, books, and projectsâ€"but we won’t let it get in the way of what were creating. If anything, promotion should be similar to the end credits of a film, not the main plot. Triplicate. Over the years, we began using the different social media platforms the same exact way, which, when you think about it, is insane. It was a digital version of those old carbon-copy forms from decades past: post a photo to Instagram, repost it to Twitter, and then re-repost it to Facebook. Lather, rinse, repeat. Triplicating our efforts isnt only tedious, its the opposite of using these platforms intentionally. Using Social Media Differently Because each social media platform is different, we want to use them differentlyâ€"not as a carbon copyâ€"so weve decided to focus on the specific strengths of each platform by identifying their primary and secondary uses. These changes should help us avoid creative overlap and will allow us better communicate with our audience as a result. Facebook. Weve found our Facebook audience engages most with the articles we post. Thus, well use our Facebook account primarily to share useful links, be it our essays or others articles. Secondarily, well use Facebook to publish short Audiograms and photo albums from past tours. Twitter. Twitter is the best platform for us to share our text-only Minimal Maxims, so that will be its primary use. Secondarily, well use Twitter to communicate directly with our audience: the brevity of this platform makes it the best place to interact with other people, so if you want to interact with us directly, Twitter is the best place to do so. Instagram. Instagram is undoubtedly the best platform to share photos, so, going forward, well use IG primarily to share beautiful black-and-white images. Secondarily, well use the ephemerality of Instagram Stories to broadcast updates, current events, ephemera, and useful excerpts from our blogposts and podcasts. And well occasionally use Instagram Live for unplanned live broadcasts, which are deleted after 24 hours. Pinterest. Pinterest is the Internets corkboard, so its ideal us for us is to share letter boards that contain challenges and simple-living reminders from The Minimalists. Well also use our Pinterest account to repost photos of minimalist living spaces. YouTube. Since YouTube is the premier video platform, this is where well publish videos created by The Minimalists. This will be especially relevant when we add a video version of our podcast later this year. Secondarily, well use YouTube to post other video creations: video essays, web series, and scheduled livestreams. Youll notice our absence from most social platforms: Snapchat, LinkedIn, Tumblr, Ello, Google+, Periscope, Flickr, Reddit, Quora, et al. Thats not because these services arent useful; they simply arent useful for us right now. All things considered, we hope to use our new strategy to creatively add value to peoples lives. This is our recipe, and it isnt ideal for everyone. Truth be told, it might not be ideal for anyone but us. And even then, well likely adjust how we wield these tools after using them differently for a while. No, we dont expect you to follow us on every platform. Hell, we dont expect you to follow us on  any platform. But if you find value in what were communicating, feel free to join us on our new journey. And if you ever stop finding value in what were sharing, please unfollow us at anytime. P.S. Ella will continue tweeting her beautiful nonsense as usual. Subscribe to The Minimalists via email.

The First Computer Charles Babbages Analytical Engine

The modern computer was born out of the urgent necessity after the Second World War to face the challenge of Nazism  through innovation. But the first iteration of the computer  as we now understand it came much earlier when, in the 1830s, an inventor named Charles Babbage designed a device called the Analytical Engine. Who Was Charles Babbage?   Born in 1791 to an English banker and his wife, Charles Babbage (1791–1871) became fascinated by math at an early age, teaching himself algebra and reading widely on continental mathematics. When in 1811, he went to Cambridge to study, he discovered that his tutors were deficient in the new mathematical landscape, and that, in fact, he already knew more than they did. As a result, he took off on his own to found the Analytical Society in 1812, which would help transform the field of math in Britain. He became a Royal Society member in 1816  and was a co-founder of several other societies. At one stage he was Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge, although he resigned this to work on his engines. An inventor, he was at the forefront of British technology and helped create Britain’s modern postal service, a cowcatcher for trains, and other tools.   The Difference Engine Babbage was a founding member of Britain’s Royal Astronomical Society, and he soon saw opportunities for innovation in this field. Astronomers had to make lengthy, difficult, and time-consuming calculations that could be riddled with errors. When these tables were being used in high stakes situations, such as for navigation logarithms, the errors could prove fatal. In response, Babbage hoped to create an automatic device that would produce flawless tables. In 1822, he wrote to the Society’s president, Sir Humphry Davy (1778–1829), to express this hope. He followed this up with a paper, on the Theoretical Principles of Machinery for Calculating Tables, which won the first Society gold medal in 1823. Babbage had decided to try and build a Difference Engine. When Babbage approached the British government for funding, they gave him what was one of the globe’s first government grants for technology. Babbage spent this money to hire one of the best machinists he could find to make the parts: Joseph Clement (1779–1844). And there would be a lot of parts: 25,000 were planned. In 1830, Babbage decided to relocate, creating a workshop that was immune to fire in an area that was free from dust on his own property. Construction ceased in 1833, when Clement refused to continue without advance payment. However, Babbage was not a politician; he lacked the ability to smooth relationships with successive governments, and, instead, alienated people with his impatient demeanor. By this time the government had spent  £17,500, no more was coming, and Babbage had only one-seventh of the calculating unit finished. But even in this reduced and nearly hopeless state, the machine was at the cutting edge of world technology. Difference Engine #2 Babbage wasnt going to give up so quickly. In a world where calculations were usually carried to no more than six figures, Babbage aimed to produce over 20, and the resulting Engine 2 would only need 8,000 parts. His Difference Engine used decimal figures (0–9)—rather than the binary ‘bits’ that Germany’s Gottfried von Leibniz (1646–1716) preferred—and they would be set out on cogs/wheels that interlinked to build up calculations. But the Engine was designed to do more than mimic an abacus: it could operate on complex problems using a series of calculations  and could store results within itself for later use, as well as stamp the result onto a metal output. Although it could still only run one operation at once, it was far beyond any other computing device the world had ever seen. Unfortunately for Babbage, he never finished the Difference Engine. Without any further government grants, his funding ran out. In 1854, a Swedish printer called George Scheutz (1785–1873) used Babbage’s ideas to create a functioning machine that did produce tables of great accuracy. However, they had omitted security features and it tended to break down, and, consequently, the machine failed to make an impact. In 1991, researchers at the London’s Science Museum, where Babbages records and trials kept, created a Difference Engine 2 to the original design after six years of work. DE2 used around 4,000 parts  and weighed just over three tons. The matching printer was completed in 2000, and had as many parts again, although a slightly smaller weight of 2.5 tons. More importantly, it worked. The Analytical Engine During his lifetime, Babbage was accused of being more interested in the theory and cutting edge of innovation than actually producing the tables the government was paying him to create. This wasn’t exactly unfair, because by the time the funding for the Difference Engine had evaporated, Babbage had come up with a new idea: the Analytical Engine. This was a massive step beyond the Difference Engine: it was a general-purpose device that could compute many different problems. It was to be digital, automatic, mechanical, and controlled by variable programs. In short, it would solve any calculation you wished. It would be the first computer.   The Analytical Engine had four parts: A mill, which was the section that did the calculations (essentially the CPU)The store, where the information was kept recorded (essentially the memory)The reader, which would allow data to be entered using punched cards (essentially the keyboard)The printer The punch cards were modeled on those developed for the Jacquard loom  and would allow the machine a greater flexibility than anything ever invented to do calculations. Babbage had grand ambitions for the device, and the store was supposed to hold 1,050 digit numbers. It would have a built-in ability to weigh up data and process instructions out of order if necessary. It would be steam-driven, made of brass, and require a trained operator/driver. Babbage was aided by Ada Lovelace (1815–1852), daughter of the British poet Lord Byron and one of the few women of the era with an education in mathematics. Babbage greatly admired her published translation of a French article on Babbages work, which included her voluminous notes. The Engine was beyond what Babbage could afford and maybe what technology could then produce, but the government had grown exasperated with Babbage and funding was not forthcoming. Babbage continued to work on the project until he died in 1871, by many accounts an embittered man who felt more public funds should be directed towards the advancement of science. It might not have been finished, but the Analytical Engine was a breakthrough in imagination, if not practicality. Babbage’s engines were forgotten, and supporters had to struggle to keep him well regarded; some members of the press found it easier to mock. When computers were invented in the twentieth century, the inventors did not use Babbage’s plans or ideas, and it was only in the seventies that his work was fully understood. Computers Today It took over a century, but modern computers have exceeded the power of the Analytical Engine. Now experts have created a program that replicates the abilities of the Engine, so you can try it yourself. Sources and Further Reading Bromley, A. G. Charles Babbages Analytical Engine, 1838. Annals of the History of Computing 4.3 (1982): 196–217. Cook, Simon. Minds, Machines and Economic Agents: Cambridge Receptions of Boole and Babbage. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 36.2 (2005): 331–50. Crowley, Mary L. The Difference in Babbages Difference Engine. The Mathematics Teacher 78.5 (1985): 366–54. Hyman, Anthony. Charles Babbage, Pioneer of the Computer. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1982. Lindgren, Michael. Glory and Failure:  The Difference Engines of Johann Mà ¼ller, Charles Babbage, and Georg and Edvard Scheutz. Trans. McKay, Craig G. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, 1990.

Utilitarianism Vs. Utilitarianism Utilitarianism,...

Reading through the three chapters, what grabbed my attention most was the one on Utilitarianism. I will have some comments throughout this journal from Chapter 4 (egoism, altruism, and social contract) and 6 (Deontological Ethics and Immanuel Kant) because they have a big influence on this chapter. Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that relies on the comparison of the overall happiness produced for everyone. It also advocates the precedence of consequence in the judgment of an action. On the former note, I believe that utilitarianism highly opposes secularism. Utilitarianism demands that we should undergo a choice that is directly dependent on producing a greater happiness for more people. However, it is right to question why I’m†¦show more content†¦A utilitarian may thus give a person a choice to adhere to the rules and share these benefits or fly solo and start his/her own civilization from zero. I would prefer the former over the latter. My main idea, however, is that utilitarianism demolishes the value of personal liberty. It is therefore ironic for me that some utilitarian philosophers value liberty even though their views are quite the opposite. Speaking of utilitarian philosophers, two of the influential philosophers that supported utilitarianism were Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill. I was amazed that a mathematical procedure was suggested by utilitarian philosophers in order to calculate the right ethical solution for general problems. Amount of happiness, intensity, duration, fruitfulness, and likelihood were the guidelines for determining the valid net happiness. I was interested in the likelihood aspect of this proposal. How can we be certain that pleasure can be delivered to certain groups of people as it was initially planned. For instance, let’s say I had a leisure saving of about 5000 dollars. Instead of taking my family on a vacation to Thailand and providing a decent amount of happiness for a week, I decided to bu y a used Audi car to my wife in hopes of providing more happiness for coming few years. It may turn out to be the correct decision if my wife cherishes this gift every day as she uses it instead of taking the bus.Show MoreRelated2074 Final Notes Essay6510 Words   |  27 PagesBusiness Ethics Make Sense? Adam Smith: we are motivated by self interest, and through the invisible hand comes free market competition. This naturally to social utility. / Butcher-brewer-baker quote demonstrates that the exchange of goods if for the benefit of both parties, without no ethics involved in the exchange. / Though competition, comes social harmony and utility. 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Cochinard, this volume: Chapter 5). The subjects of game theory are the players, and not a supposedly omniscient modeler. Only recently have all the consequences of this seemingly banal observation come to light. How ought

Kant vs. Hegel Free Essays

Leona Take LARS 3155 10 February 2013 Kant and Hegel Hegel’s concept of the â€Å"Absolute Idea† claims that there is a universal and ideal standard that is continuously being revealed throughout history, in various forms of human expression. The Absolute Idea can be interpreted as God, nature, spirit, or reality. With art, there is no such thing as â€Å"Art for Art’s sake† because art is a manifestation of the unfolding of the Absolute Idea. We will write a custom essay sample on Kant vs. Hegel or any similar topic only for you Order Now In Hegel’s Art History, the progression of art is always moving closer to ultimate reality, because spiritual realization is teleological. The Absolute is fully realized when form and content are harmonious and concrete in their depiction of spirit and man. Beauty is dependent upon these things. For Hegel, the classical period is characterized by the depiction of ideal beauty in the perfect human body in ancient Greek sculpture. However, the concreteness of the human body is later seen as limited for not representing spirit and imagination in a more abstract form. Therefore, Hegel’s ideal of beauty is ever changing according to Art’s development in history, and his terms. In other words, Hegel calls the shots. In contrast to Hegel, Kant’s philosophy of art was a deliberate attempt to remove personal subjectivity. Like Hegel, Kant did believe there was a universal beauty, or Absolute of something, except Kant did not have any references to measure this by. For Kant, we can only come to know what is really beautiful when one has no agenda, concept, or comparison to measure the object with. From Kant’s perspective, Hegel is attached to all of these things, and therefore he can not really know beauty outside of his own perception. It is an intuitive inner knowing, versus a cognitive knowing. This is significantly different from Hegel’s ideal of beauty, since knowing what is really beautiful can never be answered concretely, but rather intuitively. How to cite Kant vs. Hegel, Papers

Demographic change free essay sample

Empirical evidence suggests that technological change or the so-called green revolution in agriculture is different least developed countries LDS has greatly offset the effect of diminishing return in agriculture and spectra of food problem and it is aftermath (hunger, famine) is most of these countries has vertically vanished so must not new population growth badly affects economic development. Based on Indian experience, Coale and Hoover (1012) drew attention to the likely adverse effect of population growth and capital formation had the following effects: The age dependency, the capital swallowing effect and the instrument direction effect. If said that a rapid population growth causes an increase in dependency ratio, a high ratio of non-working population. When the number of the depending ration or consumer (non-producers) to producers increases they occur a decreasing from peoples income for saving to consumption and fall in per income. But ant Malthusian talk in a different vein. We will write a custom essay sample on Demographic change or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Also, rapid population growth causes an increase independence ratio, a high ratio of the non-working population to working wage people active population. When the number of dependents or ration of a consumer ( non-producer) to producer increase, there occurs of a diversion of income from saving to consumption and fall in per capita income. But Malthusian talk in a different vein. They argue that many young children contribute directly to the parent income by working in form and off form sector. Further, additional to multis in low-income families tend to encourage people to work more. They may children themselves contribute to household and saving can be negligible or positive. The issue needs to be settled by political investigationMoreover, the capital challenging effects state that a rapid population growth lower the ratio of capital to labor or workforce, thus works with less capital and consequently the poor rate of saving. This effect then reduces the productively of labor, as children remain in engaged in productive work, the family may experiences an increase in saving. Under the circumstance, the capital shallowing effect remains inoperative. High economic growth is accompanied by a general high saving rather in many developing countries. The investment diversion effect state that because of rapid population growth a countrys is scarce get directed away to the so-called unproductive sector of health, education, and social services to the more productive growth-oriented sector. This logic assumes that expenditure on human capital is unproductive, education and health people are new as me of essential ingredients of economic development. Indeed there is a high return for investment in human capital.However, Malthusian is convinced population growth badly affects food surplus, to them the chronic food problem experienced by many poor developing economies is often attributed to the rapid population. It is because of natural limits. In agriculture preparation growth involve out stake food supply output thereby leading to famine, hunger, malnutrition. But the evidence tells the different story. Because of the introduction of the green revolution technology in agriculture yield, has increased to such extent that many countries including Indian have now been exporting food grains. Unfortunately the present global world is highly unequally. We see an abnormally high level of malnourished children, starvation and famine occur seasonally visit in many countries.The question of unemployment and underemployment has assumed serious proportion particularly in less developed countries because of rapid population growth, but whether population growth is responsible for unemployment problem cannot be affirmed since no such statistic sheet correction is observed. In fact it is the technology that determine the absorption of the employment labor force. The experiences of Korea and Taiwan tells that economic development in their countries preceded successfully despite high population growth.Also Neo-Malthusian argue that excessive population growth and massive poverty in less developed c ountries have greatly damaged the ecological balance by deforestation and land degradation. Consequently these countries suffer badly from a variety of environmental hazards, such hazards made by developed countries that are to be condemned outright for destroying ecological balance. But today the debate has shifted from population pressure to the climate change and environment perceived as a great threat to humanity. The current ecological crisis is caused by human economic activity or anthropogenic. The way an economy is organized is rather inherently suicidal REFERENCES Masanja, G.F. (2017) Changing demographic and the development process of Tanzania (1st ed). Tabora Tanzania. MP book department. .

106 Animals With Unusual Group Names

106 Animals With Unusual Group Names Leave it to the animal kingdom to bring us some unusual and fun-to-say names for certain animal groups. While it may be easy to think of all animals in terms of herds and packs, its so much more fun to learn the true group names for some of your favorite animals. Whether its an unkindness of ravens or a cete of badgers, the animal kingdom is rich with clever and creative names for groupings of animals. From a wake of buzzards to a leap of lizards, explore the following odd and awesome animal group names throughout the rest of the article, categorized alphabetically by the animals mentioned and used in fun sentences that I hope tells a compelling narrative of exploring over 100 unique names of groups of animals. From a Rookery of Albatrosses to a Murder of Crows The etymology of why we call groups of animals a particular noun truly derives from humans instinctive nature to categorize and compartmentalize identifiers in their brain. For this reason, collective nouns were created to describe particular animal groups. That way, even without the identifying noun of the animal itself, when referring to collective nouns like a shrewdness roaming the jungle, one can safely assume the speaker is talking about a group of apes. Did you know a group of albatross was called a rookery or a group of alligators called a congregation or that baboons travel in troops while badgers travel in cetes and bats in cauldrons? Its best to be wary when a sloth of bears comes lumbering through the woods, which may occur as a sedge of American bitterns, a chain of bobolinks, a bellowing of bullfinches or a wake of buzzards circle overhead. Hunters may take bloodhounds out in a sute, but a clowder or pounce of cats or kindle or litter of kittens wouldnt be quite right for the job. Still, while roaming through the obstinacy of buffalo, one might notice an army of caterpillars, or more rarely a coalition of cheetahs somewhere on the open plains. Be careful not to step on a quiver of cobras, the resulting scream may set a gulp of cormorants or a cover of coots, or worse yet a murder or horde of crows to flight.   From a Pack of Dogs to a Leash of Foxes Dogs can either be identified as a litter of puppies, a pack of wild dogs, or a cowardice of curs while donkeys travel in groups known as paces. In terms of flying creatures, dotterels travel in trips, turtle doves in pityings, ducks swim in groups called rafts but fly in formations called flocks, while groups of eagles are proudly referred to as convocations. You wont want to miss a parade of elephants or a gang of elk roaming around, and a mob of emus and a business of ferrets are not quite as frightening as they sound. A cloud of grasshoppers, though, truly is terrifying, but you can take solace in that a tribe of goats will likely eat an entire cloud if given the chance. Some names, like a charm of finches, a tower of giraffes, a prickle of porcupines and a stand of flamingos make sense just because of the creature groups they name - finches are charming, giraffes do tower, porcupines do prickle and flamingos typically stand on one leg! However, Ive never seen a leash on a fox, but a group of foxes is called a leash. From a Band of Gorillas to a Parliament of Owls Groups of gorillas are known as bands, which bazars of guillemots or confusions of guinea fowls would certainly enjoy if only they played instruments! Bloats of hippopotamus or cackles of hyenas could bask by the watering hole while a shadow of jaguars, an ambush of tigers, a troop of kangaroos and a party of jays watch from the bushes! Elsewhere in the jungle, a conspiracy of lemurs leisurely hangs amongst the vines as a leap of leopards (or lizards, as the term fits both) and a pride of lions circle the group below. Meanwhile, a mischief of mice and labor of moles fights for control over a hollowed out tree stump they both want to call home while a barrel of monkeys hoots and holler at a passing barren of mules. In the category of flight, lapwings travel in deceits, larks in exaltations, mallards in sords, magpies in tidings or gulps, martins in richnesses, nightingales in watches and owls in parliaments. A pandemonium of parrots or a covey of partridges may also take part in a gathering of birds, while ostentations of peacocks may want to stand apart from the crowds. From a Rookery of Penguins to a Zeal of Zebras Penguins travel in groups called colonies, musters, parcels or rookeries - depending on the type of penguin - while otters travel in romps and jellyfish in smacks. Elsewhere underwater, a pod of porpoises, a fever of stingrays, a shiver of sharks, and a run of salmon frolick beneath the surface.   In the air, ravens travel in kindnesses, snipes in walks, sparrows in hosts, starlings in murmurations, and storks in musterings. Groups of swans are called bevies while groups of trush are called mutations. Turkeys travel in gangs (watch out) and vultures circle in kettles. Waterfowls travel in knobs but wildfowls travel in plumps and woodpeckers descend on trees in groups called descents. On land, a coterie of prairie dogs pops up on an unsuspecting nest of rabbits, a gaze of raccoons, a scurry of squirrels and a building of rooks. A rhumba of rattlesnakes shake their tails as a crash of rhinoceroses and a congress of salamanders pass too close, and a cluster of spiders hide in response.  A mud pit full of pigs can be referred to as a passel or a sounder while polecats specifically travel in chines. Whales travel in pods and wolves travel in packs while groups of wombats are called wisdoms and groups of zebras called zeals.

Reflections on Kim by Rudyard Kipling essays

Reflections on Kim by Rudyard Kipling essays Who am I?, What am I Some people live their entire lives trying to answer these questions, and some die, not knowing. We have our parents, friends, our dreams and aspirations who guide us in our quest for our identity. We need fathers to provide us with the backbone of our personality, mothers to nourish us and help us build character, friends to help us through the journey and our dreams to direct us into that direction. Kim never knew his parents, but his ethnicity (British) and culture (Indian) provided him with what he needed to embark on his journey with direction and personality. On the way, he met people who became the parents he never had Teshoo lama and Colonel Creighton as his fathers and Kulu as his mother. Although we, like Kim, have these people, it is entirely up to us to find who we are. They are simply there to guide us through our quest and teach us what we should know. As cheesy as it may seem, I compare the journey of life as trying to bake a cake for the first time without a recipe. For those who have an idea of baking, they know how to go through the whole process with direction. But as beginners, it does not exempt them from making mistakes and having to start all over again. We see other peoples cake and try to see how they did it, some mimic, others go through it on their own way. But all of us, at some point, become clueless that we appreciate a helping hand from those who know. Making a cake is a process of building from what we have, baking it and at the end, add icing. Not all of us succeed. There are some of us who, after a few tries, give up. Their unfinished cake would lie stagnant on the countertop, going stale by the minute. But for those who worked hard towards the completion of the task, the end product may be the lousiest tasting thing, or the most lopsided cake in the history of mankind, but they have learned to love it. Because it is THEIR cake and it...

Research paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 9

Research Paper Example In most cases such individuals are forced to disregard issues like homosexuality and attraction to same sex due to stigmatization of such sexuality aspects by their societies (or parents) in their childhood. As a result, individuals who hold such socially unacceptable feelings will often tend to suppress them. In their research, Netta Weinstein and William S Ryan developed a hypothesis based on the idea that individuals who experienced low parental autonomy support had a higher discrepancy between implicit and explicit indicators of sexual orientation measured using reaction time (Netta et al, 2012). Furthermore, the research is based on the idea that such discrepancy may threaten an individual’s perception of his sexual orientation which may result to an individual developing defensive mechanism. For instance if an individual was brought up in an environment in which his parents who did not support autonomy and had strong negative perception on homosexuality, then the individual will experience strong discrepancy between implicit gay orientation and explicit gay orientation resulting to homophobia and negative perception of homosexuality without any solid reason for doing so (Grolnick, 2009). Based on the study, these ideas have been verified in the literature review since the research evaluates scientific papers that show similar results. For instance, the research paper identifies that the relationship between parents and their children lays a foundation for a child’s behavior; specifically, autonomy-supportive parents enables children to grow up into individuals who determine their own fate or opinion on social issues including sexuality. In this regard such individuals have personal opinions that are different from their parents and therefore have low discrepancy on implicit and explicit perspectives on sexual orientation (Netta et al, 2012). Furthermore, the research also considers two previously done studies on sexuality

Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 30

Ethics - Essay Example the local community was that the company had to deal with a major blow to this reputation given that it is the world’s largest private employer with approximately 2011 sales of $421.85 billion (Brown and Mitchell 592). The scandal prolonged the struggle within the company that pitted publicized commitment to the highest moral and ethical standards against its relentless pursuit of growth. The company lost customers due to the scandal and it is working hard to rev up growth in its U.S. business (DePree and Jude 21). For instance, it is tailoring merchandise to clusters of stores which can attract similar shoppers it had before. At the company’s Sam’s Club division which saw its small business members increasingly strapped, the company lowered its prices on key items to attract customers back (Brown and Mitchell 596). The company is also working hard overseas to increase profitability and sales in markets like Brazil and China. The impact of this ethical issue to other stakeholder groups like Fayetteville Ark who are the company’s executives are expected to make the case to improve the way the company does business overseas as well as outlining new growth opportunities at the world’s largest retailer (Dharmendra & Haikm 1). The company’s stakeholders have faced increased scrutiny from investors over how it has handled allegations of bribery in its Mexican operations which surfaced like a year ago (Heinman 13). Activist shareholders of the company have been denied a chance to vote out the board members like the descendant of the company who is the founder and owns around 50% of the company’s shares (Anja 1). Despite this, the fact remains that the growing dissent has shown a loss of confidence wit the board. The company’s customers and stakeholders no longer have the confidence they had for the company before it was involved in the

Characteristics Of Mega Events Criminology Essay

Characteristics Of Mega Events Criminology Essay Mega-events, such as the Olympics, are highly prized by national and civic planners, and simultaneously hold political, economic and cultural happenings Boyle and Haggerty, 2009. They are global spectacles, used by nations to impact directly on urban generation and international standing (Alhert, 2006). Their nature is one that is non-routine, and of limited duration, requiring management of large movements of visitors, co-coordinators, and athletes. Characteristics of mega-events makes them exceptional (Fussey and Coaffee, 2012), demanding organisation and planning that requires significant alteration to the governance of the host city or country. This, and the vulnerability that follows from this, makes them a key target for security practices. The pressures faced by host nations from international committees, such as the International Olympics Committee (hereafter the IOC) plays a significant role on the domestic security arrangements (quote) The appeal of hosting the Olympics is one that invokes inspirational images of athletes competing in idyllic settings (Burbank et al, year). The Summer Olympic Games have been called sport mega-events, because of their scale (Roche, 2009). London 2012 alone saw an extra 260,000 visitors to the capital (The Week, 2012). They are highly visible, deeply symbolic occasions that take place in large cities, combining intensive media coverage with astringent security and surveillance strategies (Boyle and Haggerty, 2009: 257). The exceptional nature of these events requires examination of the threats they face, the worlds counter-terror measures, extensive surveillance technologies, and how these intensified measures are often legitimized in perpetuity as part of the legacy of the games (Coaffee etl, 2011:3314). Further to this, the essay will go on to show how surveillance technologies are subsequently deployed across large swathes of populations, highlighting the prominent point of the public and private sector surveillance. (THIS IS HOW I HAVE ARRANGED THIS ESSAY! WHEN YOU FINISH READING CAN YOU LET ME KNOW IF YOU THINK I SHOULD TALK ABOUT HOW I USED DIFFERENT PHILOSPHERS THEORIES, OR SHALL I JUST KEEP THAT IN THE MAIN BODY?) Traditional Risk Since the end of the Cold War, there has been a shift in national and international threats. Where national borders were considered then to be the primary area to be secured (Quote!), more recently, ballistic missiles have taken a side line to more topical city threats, such as dangerous backpacks on the London Undeground, high-jacked aircrafts and attacks on subways. The way cities are demonised in terrorist rhetoric, for example, means mega-events intersect with a range of complex global processes. ( am I making sense So theres a link between the threats to these cities and then going on to them hosting mega events!) The scale of the Olympics makes them susceptible to these inherent complexities, most notably seen in the terrorist attack on the Israeli national team in the 1972 Munich Olympics. Such events demonstrate to the extremes of societal risks that are observed in their duration. With this said, traditional hazards, such as the adaptation and logistics of mega-events through infrastructure seen in the construction of venues, present external risks, as they alter the urban environment, and have ecological impacts. (Bubank et al, 2002). These risks have moved away from natural hazards towards man-made risks (Beck, 1992), and are ever-present, regardless of political context. New types of Risk Deterritorialization contributes to the global development of the Olympics, which in turn, gives way to global telecommunication, international travel and the migration and passage of goods across borders (Jennings, 2012), all elements that lead to the contagion of risk. This Olympic globalisation has produced a global industry of risk assessment and risk management. In 1996 the Atlanta Olympics saw the Clinton Administration along with his counter-terror team anticipate a plan for a hijacked plane being flown into the main stadium (Clarke, 2004). Post 9/11, the climate of insecurity (Yu et al. 2009: 392) has affected security planning further, and games that are perceived to display a high-risk naturally leads to an advanced security posture, with the planning of London 2012 being the most recent instalment. Some scenarios may seem bizarre and outlandish to a non-security expert (Peter Ryan, 2002), and would be considered unthinkable, for example, UFO invasion on the Olympic Park (Kawash, 1997). For the security officials, considering all scenarios, (check commas please!) however absurd, has now become common practice. The extremity of these scenarios is displayed in the U.S, where most military arguments about the future are an obsession with sci-fi, and a ruined future of a cityscape (Graham, 2010). New innovations, like the Boston Dynamics-built AlphaDog LS ( Rundle, 2012), a robot able to cope with all types of landscapes, reinforce these concerns. The attitude of thinking the unthinkable means even the more extreme precautions are permitted in light of perceived threats. All precautions are seemingly accepted by the public. As technology advances, host nations face growing pressure to meet the challenges presented to them by new forms of security vulnerabilities (Corer, 2012). Cyber-terrorism is one such example of new and growing threats. The 2008 Beijing Olympics was faced with 12 million cyber-attacks per day (Ormsby, 2010). This type of threat to the Olympics illustrates the change in both security and globalisation risks very clearly. Taking note of the 2008 Olympic cyber-attacks, the UK government took on an initiative to introduce new cyber-security plans for the London 2012 games, through IT networks, to help prevent internet crime (Home-Office, 2010). In terms of security risk, there was a conscience effort made to ensure the UK government would not over-regulate and restrict the internet. Further to this, the proliferation of real-time risk management technology, an innovation developed from previous games in Athens and Salt Lake City (Quote) into the 2012 Olympics, demonstrated how the UK con sciously put international efforts in the heart of strategies improving cyber security (Ashford, 2012), which is evidence of a consideration of the globalisation risks and effects. Foucaults position on governance, one generated from the governed rather than imposed by the government ( year)) was seen to reconceptualise the role of government. The Cabinet Office Minister Francis Maude (2012) quoted that the internet has flourished because it has been shaped by its users, not by governments, with this said, focus should be mainly on the network structure of the internet, where the information-sharing groups collectively form a basis for governance (Beresford, 2003). Conceptually, management of these network structures and sharing-groups which lead to cyber terrorism should focus on deterrence, rather than punishment; once the attack has occurred, no legal punishment will suffice. In short, punishment achieves little, and the impacts of cyber terrorist attacks are much worse, due to the difficulty in stopping viruses spreading around the globe. Again, this is a risk born from the effects of globalisation. Counter Terrorism Threats to mega-events are present in different forms, seen in a diverse range of groups that target them. Right-wing extremists were charged with the intent to cause explosions around the Olympic site in Sydney 2000, and ethno-nationalists who attacked the power supply to the opening ceremony in Barcelona 1992 (Fussey and Coaffe, 2012) are just two examples of threats to mega-events that embody an atypical nature. The threat of international terrorism at a mega-event was first seen with a series of aircraft hijackings and continuing onto the 1972 Munich Olympics when Palestinian Militants Killed 11 Israeli athletes, as previously mentioned. This was the first instance where Olympics and Terrorism were linked in popular consciousness (Cottrell, 2009). It was symbolic, in its demonstration of how terrorism is an eminent threat to all major events internationally. Cities bids for the Olympics have had to demonstrate how well they are able to deal with international terrorism in its many forms. Most recently, the bidding team for London 2012 had to project the citys anti-terrorist resilience before the IOC and international audiences. This practice acts also as insurance in gaining support for large security budgets, estimated to be around US$1.7 billion, in addition to new powers of surveillance and social control. In light of London 2012, UK police and local authorities referred to the hosting of the event as the greatest security challenge that the UK has faced since the Second World War (Graham, 2009). Since 9/11, the war on terror has taken front stage and formed a shadow around the world. The security steps that were taken forward to the London Olympics from Athens 2004 and Bejing 2008 promised to be on an unprecedented scale. Several contextual issues were highlighted about the risk of London 2012 being the site of major terrorist incidents. The recognition of London as a world city has bought it to the forefront of tourism, drawing in visitors and terrorists alike, granted for differing reasons (Ghaffur, 2007) (PLEASE CHECK THIS LINE!). The threat of terrorism to London, and the need for Olympic security, was exhibited in a very short space of time; the debate of security for London 2012 began on July 7th 2005, following the London suicide bombings, just a day after London won the Olympic bid. Londons transport system was overcome by four suicide bombers in an attack that killed 52 people (Guardian, 2010). These events were significant in illustrating the vulnerabilities of London and the Olympics to external threats and contingencies. Further to this, the attacks showed the spatial and temporal displacement of terrorism, where attacks do not need to necessarily take place at the time of the event to cause an impact. One of the more unusual aspects of the international side of sport mega-events is that rather than the more well known international terrorism, many groups that do target events have more local socio-political motives, for example the Euzkadi Ta Askatasuna (Reference ETA, year), contrasting to the more evident international element of the games. Such acts cause instability to the usual global security models used to police these events, (Fussey and Coaffee, 2012). The home-grown radicalism that was blamed for the 7/7 bombings in London can be seen as an example of an act with a local socio-political motive, caused by global issues another effect of globalisation which came to global attention, and had a profound effect on the 2012 Games. Security coming home. The Olympic Games of 2004 were an example of the interaction between surveillance and social control. There was intense monitoring in Athens, which saw interconnected networks of electronic surveillance gadgetry that were web-like, in that it spanned out and was able to expand into the whole city, for example through vehicle tracking devices and motion detectors ( Samatas, 2007)THIS IS MY EXAMPLE TO CLARIFY!These forms of control reflect the idea of Panoptican, from the political philosopher Jeremy Bentham (year) which was later advanced conceptually by Foucault (1997), where he stated that in the contemporary service of social control, the state takes on an all-seeing observation role, probing and monitoring the activities of all citizens. Given the existing level of public and private surveillance in the UK, the superpanoptic approach that was piloted in Athens 2004 was easily integrated into the heart of the 2012 Olympics. London has more public and private CCTV cameras than any other city in the world, and through this, the idea of total surveillance became realistic (Reenie, 2008:4). The 2012 mega-event was a stimulus to the process of totalitarian intrusiveness. (SOUND OK?) Policing has the general role of dealing with disorderly conditions in neighbourhoods, and is present in myriad police strategies, ranging from order maintenance to zero tolerance strategies (Eck Maguire, 2006). The work of the police today is very much influenced by the private sectors and cooperations (Boyle paper) and total-security now becomes part of the spectacle of mega-events. London 2012 saw the Metropolitan Police take conscious measures in ensuring their first steps would be to put technological footprints across London. Advancements in CCTV saw new software that was able to integrate all of Londons CCTV cameras, all able to follow individuals around the city (quote.), putting forward this idea of a surveillance ring (Coaffee, 2004) to allow tracking of the movements of traffic and people. Further to new measures being implemented, such as advanced facial and iris recognition software, able to identify suspects and connect multiple crime scenes (Quote), many public transport vehicles, along with the VIP buses that were used in the London games, had been equipped for the authorities to recognise if drivers were acting erratically, a trend often seen in hijacking. Here, however, lay a fundamental question in what act could be deemed as erratic, and what qualifications personnel should have to make such decisions, and control it. All of this fits well with Foucalts early work on governmentality, and how power only exists when put into action (219) and that it is belonging to institutions rather than the individuals that allow the institutions to function. Put simply, measure to prevent certain behaviour leads to the control of individuals. These technologies (can you tell the ones above?) have been used as a medium to exercise the big-brother state. New machinery that is used allows the incorporation of the police/military apparatus in London, under the pretense of keeping the country safe from terrorism (Morgan, 2008). In keeping with public reassurance, it now does matter too much as to whether or not the security systems actually work, but rather what their proclaimed standards are. Work from Oscar Rays (year) has shown that a large amount of money was spent on equipment in Athens, which did not work. What did work, however, was the aftermath of it being used for surveillance in Greek society. These notions were once again observed in 2012, where governments and security-related interest groups often magnified in the public mind the terrorist threat and climate of fear, all in aid of justifying the use of these control strategies that are used to counter anti-social behaviour and danger from other public spaces, and gain support to introduce identity cards that link citizens to a state held database (Coaffe and Murakmi Wood, 2006: 565). As the Olympics are for a limited period, it is assumed that they are only a temporary security zone, lasting for the duration of the games. This, however, is not the case. As these events are now a recognised target for security threats, society now gives leeway to governments, even if these protections transgress from the constraints that are normally accepted by the citizens, as a result of securtization (Waever, 1995). The London Olympics and its security did not exist in isolation, but in a continuum of the increasing state of security and surveillance. Extra powers the state may acquire are often met with scepticism by citizens, in fear they may become permanent. However, these security measures can be concealed in an object that is seen as the norm for such prestigious events, for example the stadium. IS THIS OK LINKS WITH THE NEXT POINT! The architectural methods of Secure by Design (quote) . They also extend to the outer surrounding areas, where explosives may be hidden; litter boxes and drains (Coaffee, 2010). These methods are far from temporary, but this reconfiguration spreads beyond the time of the event under the title of legacy, where counter-terrorism design features are used to embed security in community areas, thus legacy is often used to legitimate broader and more long-term goals. The advantage of many of these regeneration progammes is that they become a catalyst for the transformations of parts of the city, as was seen in London. The official Olympics website (2012) stated that neglected sections of East London would be redesigned into the East Village, a complex designed to be converted into thousands of affordable homes, a community centre, and grounds for local residents to enjoy sports. THIS BIT IS NOT FINISHED! BUT SO FAR IS IT OK? I AM GOING TO GO ON TO EXPLAIN ABOUT ETHNIC CLEANSING PROGRAMMES. ITS GOOD SO FAR, YEAH. These sort of modifications are not temporaryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. Military Urbanism- Security Sports have often been linked to the wide discourse of urban growth and regeneration (Schimmel, year!), aiding in a new form of Foucaults Boomerang effect, which has been fuelled by the extending neoliberal globalisation. A form of this affect is the way military and security complexes now try and apply defence-style technologies to the domestic sites of the city. This is mirrored well in light of the Olympics, where high tech security surveillance technology, originally from the battle-field, is now used in mega-events. Military-security complex works in two ways. The first is by implementing direct military-type approaches to security. The failed work of the contractor G4S for London 2012, and the mobilisation of British troops, demonstrated how traditional military approaches will always remain necessary. In this instance, the military were asked to provide an extra 3, 500 troops to guard the London Olympics. These games show that despite new technologies, the Olympic Games continue to appear over-reliant on the armed forces. (Guardian, 2012) The second way is by using the forces of existing military personnel. Working with these approaches does not necessarily mean that one is moving away from the past, ignoring the strength of military practices, but rather adding a contemporary twist to the traditional militaristic and urban transformations (Graham, 2010). These contemporary security strategies work through the blurring of boundaries between military and civilian spheres. With this, there is the entry of military technologies, strategies and logics for the surveillance and control of populations in and around the stadium. London 2012 saw the RAF use drones, carrying laser-guided bombs and missiles, including the Hellfire air-to ground weapons. Urban Militrisation/New Military Urbanism- GLOBALISATION BIT this is keeping with the same subject but globalisation bit. This growing interaction between sports mega events and the military-industry complex also allows analysis to be viewed through the window of globalisation, and marketing. The use of security technologies in mega-events is a multi-billion dollar industry. Lobby groups work hard to convince state leaders into becoming booming homeland security markets, because these markets of technology are growing very rapidly in times of economic decline. These practices allow security companies to pilot and display their exemplary security technologies, in the hope that it will lead to them being transferred into a more routine social environment. This trend was recognised by an analyst for the US-based Security Industry Association: the Olympics not only showcase world-class athletes, they showcase world class security technologies and services from our industry (Bristow, 2008). Israel is one such example. Recognised as the worlds leading participant in the security and surveillance industrial co mplex (Brzezinski, 2004), the countrys long history in dealing with suicide bombers, along with its highly developed and hi-tech economy, gives it the capacity to exploit the climate of fear that surrounds todays major sporting events. With this said, Israels representatives are heavily involved in the planning and facilitation of mega-event security. London 2012 was an example of this as Israeli initiaitves saw aircrafts being used for crowd surveillance, an expertise often used by the Middle Eastern country for population control (Kosmas, 2012). Security companies are not the only organisations that benefit from the Olympics. More international impact is in the form of commercial sponsors, the worlds largest growing form of marketing (IEG Network, 2001). Sponsers are very willing to invest in the games, as they believe the spirit of the spectacle means that spectators are regularly exposed to promotional messages under favourable conditions, where the customers can be relaxed and absorb corporate messages. (Abratt et al, 1987). A by-product of being a sponsor is the ability to temporarily relocate some of the staff to the host nation and allow investments to be made. This is a clear example of globalisation. The paradox here, however, is that once a hallmark is made between the cooperate sponsors and the games, their worldwide officers and staff become targets, which could lead to reluctance to participate. Further to this, the host nations terrorism threat level provides another reason why sponsors may refuse to participate in the events. This causes a massive crossover with countries looking like safe havens of security for a world-wide spectacle. In short, sponsors will be reluctant to participate in events happening anywhere that does not have a high counter-terrorism mechanism. IS THIS ALL OK SO MAYBE SOMEWHERE IN HERE I SHOULD ALSO ADD THAT IS IS THE PRIVATE SECTOR TAKING OVER? WHAT DO YOU THINK?! SO IM TALKING ABOUT SPONSERS HERE AND THE FACT THAT THEY WILL NOT BE WILLING TO PARTICIPATE IN ANYWHERE THEY THINK DOESNT HAVE A HIGH COUNTER TERRORISM MECHANISM! Conclusion NOT COMPLETE AGAIN!! ONLY FIRST PARAGRAPH! Mega-events present a special case for understanding the relationship between large-scale security practices and globalisation. It is an illustration of threats related not only to terrorism, but also to organised crime and political protest (Giuillanotti and Klauser, 2012). Securing the spectacle goes beyond the infrastructure, and into the economic sector, national reputation, and the impact of humans (Coaffee and Johnston, 2007). Cities that host mega-events are now expected to show a strong form of anti-terrorist resilience before international audiences (Boyle and Haggerty, 2009). Long after the event has left, surveillance technologies, urban redevelopment, and other transformations, may all remain in place as security enforced measures that structure, frame, and film everyday social life. Mega-events foster a legacy of knowledge, networks, and habits that have a bearing on the lives of not just those who attend, but the citizens of the city, long after the event. These events also display the invisible and visible security all in one, where the likes of infrastructure have an outward projection of security, through embedded electronic devices, hiding the other form ofà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.cleansing programmes! I ASSUME THIS BIT NEEDS TO BE FINISHED, HAHA. The line between free speech and human rights. Policing the police might take on a role of citizen duty. If the average citizen can be filmed why can the police not? While CCTV is now an every day norm of British society, what is becoming more common is the use of camera phones and social networking. AND THIS BIT! Each mega-event is part of an extensive process, where by the institutions and officials learn and advice on security lessons to their successors. The new hosts hope to improve on their predecessors and each hope to deliver spectacular security (Boyle and Haggerty, 2009), with this comes militarization and coordination that is needed to extend into time and place.

What Makes Me a True Filipino

WHAT MAKES ME A TRUE FILIPINO? ORIGIN: According to Sociology, Filipino is a hodgepodge, a mixture of primitive strains ( Negrito, Ita, Aeta); eastern strains (Indonesian, Chinese, Japanese) and western strains ( Spanish, English, American). primitive strains + eastern strains + western strains = A FILIPINO Therefore, we Filipinos are unified from different races. . I may say that I’m a Filipino. VALUES: Some says Filipinos are wonderful people. We are friendly, loving, caring, family oriented, loves adventures, talented, religious, etc. They are also hardworking. We are hospitable, that’s the no. 1 thing most common in our personality. We are also jolly people. . I may say that I’m a Filipino. PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS: Filipinos are known for flat, small or big nose; medium or tan skin (kayumanggi); black hair and who are small ones etc. I may say that I’m a Filipino because I have those. We are plenty of gorgeous Filipino men and women out there who have unique appearances†¦ But some are ashamed with their beauties. When you disrespect the traits of your ancestors, you are only insulting yourself. MANNERISM AND PERSONALITY TRAITS: Filipinos point with their lips. They eat with their hand and have it down as a technique. They nod their head upwards to greet someone. They put their foot up on their chair and rest their elbows on their knees while you eat. etc I may say that I’m a Filipino. VOCABULARY: Filipinos say ‘Aray' instead of ‘ouch’. They make acronyms for phrases: ‘OA' = overacting, ‘DOM' = dirty old man, and ‘TNT' for†¦ You know. They also pronounce the ff. words: ‘Hippopo-TA-mus', ‘com-FOR-table', ‘Bro-CO-li', and ‘Montgo-marry Ward'. Filipinos say ‘Ay' or â€Å"Uy† instead of ‘oops' etc. I may say that I’m a Filipino. CLOTHING AND APPEARANCE: Filipinos – There's Angelique eyeliner and Johnson's Baby Powder compacts lurking in your makeup drawer. They check labels on clothes to see where it's made. Their ponytail ribbon covers half your head. I may say that I’m a Filipino. These are some ways to know you are Filipino. It is very interesting. It is quite funny but we must admit that we are one of them. And regardless of all this, WE are FILIPINO for life.

Bshs/382 Research and Statistics Dq’s

Week 1 DQ 1 1. Voluntary consent of the participant is absolutely essential. The subject must be capable of giving consent without coercion, and full responsibility for obtaining consent rests with the principal investigator. 2. The experiment must be designed to bring forth results that will benefit society and that cannot be obtained in any other manner. 3. Human experimentation should be based on animal research results as well as knowledge of the natural course of events, disease, or problems. 4. All unnecessary mental or physical harm should be avoided. 5. When there is reason to believe that death or disabling injury may occur, no experiment should be conducted except, perhaps, when the experimenting physicians also serve as subjects. 6. The degree of risk should never exceed the humanitarian importance of the problem to be solved. 7. All precaution should be taken to protect subjects from even remote possibilities of injury or death. 8. Only qualified personnel should be allowed to conduct experiments. The principal investigator must be ready to terminate the experiment at any stage if it appears that injury or death will result. Research Techniques for the Health Sciences, Fourth Edition Chapter 4: Considering Ethics in Research Explain two basic principles for humane treatment of human subjects in research. Drawing on the course readings or a current news item, provide an example of a study in which ethical principles were not followed. How might study design have been improved in that case? The two basic principles for human treatment of human subjects in research most significant to me are, making sure all precaution is taken to protect subjects from even remote possibilities of injury or death, and allowing the subject to withdraw from the experiment at any time if a point is reached that may bring about physical or mental harm. It is important that we do not use humans in research as crash dummies, as if they are simply replaceable after harm and injury. It is only right to take all precautions and allow the human subject to change their mind about participating in the research. Ethical principles were not followed in the Tuskegee Syphilis Study found in our text. The human subjects were not fully aware of the study, and the purpose of the research was more so the subjects could die and they could perform an autopsy. Week 1 DQ 2 What are the advantages of using a mixed method approach to research? What are the challenges? Provide an example of how you have used (or, in the future, could use) this approach in your professional role. The strength of the research; 2) Use of multiple methods in a research helps to research a process or a problem from all sides; 3) Usage of different approaches helps to focus on a single process and confirms the data accuracy. A mixed research complements a result from one type of research with another one. This research does not miss any available data. The aim of a mixed method design is to summarize positive aspects of two approaches and produce a highly accurate data. When you use several methods in your research process, then you can use the strength of every type of information collection and minimize the weak points of every of both approaches. A mixed method approach of gathering and evaluation can increase the validity and accuracy of the information. The advantages of using a mixed method approach to research are having several different outcomes in the process of your research. What this does is allows the researcher to use the strengths from the information collected and minimize the weaknesses from the information collected. Using a mixed method approach can ultimately increase the accuracy and validity of the information. The challenges of using a mixed method approach will be that the time of researching will be extended. Extending the time of research could definitely be a challenge if there is a time frame to find results in. Depending on the purpose of the research, using a mixed method approach can be a waist of time. An example of using the mixed method approach was when I wanted to explore (qualitative objective) why people shop on-line. I conducted open-ended interviews (qualitative data collection) asking people why they shop on-line, and then I quantified the results by counting the number of times each type of response occurred (quantitative data analysis). Week 2 DQ 1 What is the difference between reliability and validity? Imagine that you are going to develop a new instrument for research in your field, using course readings, provide specific examples of how you might go about establishing its reliability and validity. (Make sure to cover at least one approach for determining reliability and one for determining validity. Reliability is, roughly, whether you could replicate an experiment and get comparable results – either because an individual's responses are consistent (for example, their reaction times in a test are consistent when the test is carried out again), or the general overall results are consistent (for example, the average score on a test is the same or similar when carried out again on a c omparable group) Validity is whether the construct you are using really measures what you are using it to measure. For example, if you devised a test to measure people's self-esteem, does it really measure self-esteem, or something similar such as extraversion? Reliability refers to the ability to perform the same experiment and get the same results. Validity refers to the accuracy of those results. You could perform the same experiment many times and get the same results, but they may not be correct (if the experiment is flawed for example). This would be reliable, but not valid. Conversely, you could perform an experiment that yields accurate results once, but not when it is repeated. This would be accurate (one time anyway), but not reliable. Reliability is the consistency of the degree to which an instrument measures the same way each time it is used under the same condition with the same subjects; in short, it is replicating an experiment and getting comparable results. For example, a second test measuring reaction time showing the same reaction times as the first test. Reliability is all about the ability to perform the same experiment and get the same results. Validity is whether the construct you are using really measures what you are using it to measure. It is essentially the strength of our conclusions, inferences or propositions. For example, a test measuring people's confidence, does it really measure confidence, or something similar such as faith in something? Week 2 DQ 2 What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of survey research? Provide an example of survey research findings that were recently published in the news. First, briefly summarize the study design and findings. Second, based on what we have read about survey research, provide critical feedback on this study's design or explain what additional information you would need to make a critical assessment of this study. Strengths: 9. Surveys are relatively inexpensive (especially self-administered surveys). 10. Surveys are useful in describing the characteristics of a large population. No other method of observation can provide this general capability. 11. They can be administered from remote locations using mail, email or telephone. 12. Consequently, very large samples are feasible, making the results statistically significant even when analyzing multiple variables. 13. Many questions can be asked about a given topic giving considerable flexibility to the analysis. 14. There is flexibilty at the creation phase in deciding how the questions will be administered: as face-to-face interviews, by telephone, as group administered written or oral survey, or by electonic means. 15. Standardized questions make measurement more precise by enforcing uniform definitions upon the participants. 16. Standardization ensures that similar data can be collected from groups then interpreted comparatively (between-group study). 17. Usually, high reliability is easy to obtain–by presenting all subjects with a standardized stimulus, observer subjectivity is greatly eliminated. Weaknesses: * A methodology relying on standardization forces the researcher to develop questions general enough to be minimally appropriate for all respondents, possibly missing what is most appropriate to many respondents. * Surveys are inflexible in that they require the initial study design (the tool and administration of the tool) to remain unchanged throughout the data collection. * The researcher must ensure that a large number of the selected sample will reply. * It may be hard for participants to recall information or to tell the truth about a controversial question. As opposed to direct observation, survey research (excluding some interview approaches) can seldom deal with â€Å"context. † Advantages of survey research could be cost efficiency since surveys are relatively inexpensive. Surveys are useful in describing the characteristics of a large population and not a lot of other methods of observation can provide this general capability. They can be administered fr om distant locations. Many questions can be asked about a given topic giving flexibility to the analysis. Disadvantages of survey research could be researchers being forced to develop general questions. Surveys are inflexible because they remain unchanged throughout the data collection. Also, with surveys the researcher must ensure that a large number of the selected sample will reply, otherwise the survey would not be sufficient. In the news there was a survey about homelessness in Santa Cruz County. A count and survey conducted by the United Way of Santa Cruz County and the nonprofit research firm Applied Survey Research, and it showed that the homeless population in Santa Cruz County has jumped 22 percent in two years. The survey design was cross-sectional. It asked several questions at one oint in time. The survey collected age, gender, race, and reason for being homeless. http://www. santacruzsentinel. com/opinion/ci_18565125 http://www. phc-santacruz. org/_pdfs/2011%20Santa%20Cruz%20Homeless%20Report%20-%20FINAL. pdf Week 3 DQ 1 How can you avoid bias when selecting samples for human services research? Imagine that you are going to design a survey that will be administered to consumers/clients in your field (e. g. , nursing home residents, youth mentors, single mothers); how would you go about sampling from this population in order to generate meaningful data? What might be some of the challenges in ending up with a representative sample? To avoid bias when selecting samples for human services research a diverse set of individuals should be chosen within the same community. Different ethnicities, different genders, equals different beliefs, backgrounds, and futures. Selecting individuals in this manner should avoid bias. Hypothetically I work for an organization that offers services to young and troubled girls, especially those who have been to juvenile hall. Schools and juvenile halls if permitted would be great places to begin my sampling. Schools and juvenile halls both have a diverse population where bias could be avoided. The barriers I could see myself running into would be getting the permission to survey the minors in the first place. The biggest barrier would be knowing what girls are considered troubled or not and who they are specifically to get only their feedback and not girls who are not considered troubled. Week 3 DQ 2 List different measures of variability discussed in the readings and, using your professional field, provide an example to illustrate the concept. If you were a manager looking at these measures of variability around some aspect of employee productivity, what may they tell you about an individual's or team's performance? The range is the most obvious measure of dispersion and is the difference between the lowest and highest values in a dataset. The range is based solely on the two most extreme values within the dataset. The range is simple to compute and is useful when you wish to evaluate the whole of a dataset. The standard deviation indicates how tightly the values in the dataset are bunched around the mean value. The standard deviation is the most vigorous measure of variability because it’s measuring how every value in the dataset varies from the mean. You must be careful when calculating the standard deviation to consider whether the entire population or a sample is being examined and to use the appropriate formula. If I were a manager looking at these measures of variability around some aspect of employee productivity, the range would point out the highs and the lows of the team performance. This would allow me to know my team’s strength and weakness, and then I would be able to work on ways to minimum the weaknesses in performance. Week 4 DQ 1 Based on the textbook readings, describe the â€Å"third variable problem† as it relates to correlation and provide an example of how you might see this played out in your own field. Week 4 DQ 2 How does hypothesis testing contribute to the scientific knowledge base? Based on the textbooks' descriptions of hypothesis testing, provide an example of how you might implement this in your work. othesis is an edjucated guess an it is some time's the closest we can get to the trueth of things we do not yet understand Scientists use a scientific method to investigate phenomena and acquire knowledge. They base the method on verifiable observation — i. e. , on empirical evidence rather than on pure logic or supposition — and on the principles of reasoning. [1] [2] Scientists propose explanations — called h ypotheses — for their observed phenomena, and perform experiments to determine whether the results accord with (support) the hypotheses or falsify them. They also formulate theories that encompass whole domains of inquiry, and which bind supported hypotheses together into logically coherent wholes. They refer to theories sometimes as ‘models’, which usually have a mathematical or computational basis. [3] [4] determining the focus and direction of the research, it forces researcher to state the purpose of the activity, determines what variable are being studied and or considered and also it allows to a required operational definition of the variable that are being studied. Hypothesis testing is a must for any person to successfully test their studies and make sure there are no flaws. Hypothesis is an educated guess an it is some times the closest we can get to the truth on matters that we do not yet understand. Scientist base their method on verifiable observation rather than on logic. Hypothesis testing forces researchers to address the purpose of the activity while determining what variables need to be studied and also requires operational definition.

International Classification Of Diseases ( Icd ) - 1680 Words

Healthcare industries around the globe caring for people at their most vulnerable are always conscious of the risk associated with their industries. Hence, these life-sustainer enterprises begin risk management plan in different stages as it fits into the type of services they render and laws governing their roles in their societies. The World Health Organization defines Safety and Risk Management as â€Å" activities or measures taken by an individual or health care organization to prevent, remedy or mitigate occurrence of a real or potential (patient) safety event†1 Risk management in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) could be defined as ICD’s structured approach to managing uncertainty, related to threat, through a sequence of human activities including: risk assessment, strategies development to manage it, and mitigation of risk, using managerial resources by HIPAA-covered entities. 2 What is International Classification of Diseases (ICD)? 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